From Daejeon where I live to Seoul, the center of Korea, it takes about 2 hours by bus and about 1hours by KTX. From Osaka to Nagoya, bus and Shinkansen take similar time to from Daejeon to Seoul, but the fare are three times or more as much as Korean fare.
Moreover, Korean bus has wider seats and a special lane on highway in order to not be involved traffic jams. KTX starts every 20 minutes. Advantage of Japan is only the safeness of Shinkansen.
Subway is too. Its fare is also about three times. However, Tokyo’s subway is better than Osaka. Osaka subway’s fare is extremely expensive.
Safety and Security are really important but Japanese public transportation fare should be cut more. If it will be cut, people will move freely and economic activity will get hot.
韓国ではタクシーの乗車賃だけでなく、様々な交通機関の乗車賃が日本と比べると驚く程安いです。